Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, which can affect metabolism and overall health. Nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining health with hypothyroidism, and some foods can worsen symptoms. In this article, we will explore which foods to avoid to ease the condition with hypothyroidism.
Soy products
Impact on hormones
Soy products contain phytoestrogens, which can affect hormone levels in the body. As shown in a study (Domínguez-López et al., Nutrients, 2020), phytoestrogens can reduce thyroid activity. This is particularly important for people with hypothyroidism, as their gland already does not produce enough hormones. Phytoestrogens can compete with endogenous oestrogens, which can lead to a decrease in thyroid hormone levels.
Replacing soy products
If you consume a lot of soy products, consider alternatives such as almond or coconut milk. These products do not contain phytoestrogens and may be safer for the thyroid gland. Additionally, pay attention to other protein sources, such as chicken, fish, or legumes, which do not have a negative impact on the thyroid gland. It is also important to consider that soy products can be hidden in many ready-made products, so check labels.
Soy supplements
In addition to products, it is important to avoid soy supplements, which may be present in some food products and supplements. Check product labels to avoid unnecessary soy consumption. This can be especially important for those who consume many processed foods, where soy is often used as an ingredient. Instead, choose products with natural ingredients that do not contain soy additives.
Foods high in iodine
Excess iodine
While iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, its excess can be harmful. Some seafood, such as seaweed, contains high doses of iodine. Excessive iodine consumption can worsen hypothyroidism symptoms. This is because excess iodine can cause a reverse effect, leading to a decrease in hormone production. It is important to adhere to recommended iodine intake levels to avoid these issues.
Controlling iodine intake
It is important to control iodine intake, especially if you are taking iodine supplements. Consultation with a dietitian can help determine the optimal amount of iodine in your diet. Instead of seaweed, choose other sources of iodine, such as fish, but in moderate amounts. This will help avoid unwanted effects on the thyroid gland. It is also important to consider iodine from other sources, such as iodised salt.
Other sources of iodine
Pay attention to iodised salt, which can be an additional source of iodine in your diet. Use it cautiously to avoid excess iodine. It is also important to consider iodine found in other products, such as dairy products and eggs, and regulate their consumption according to doctor's recommendations. This will help maintain an optimal iodine level in the body.
Prohibited gluten-containing foods
Gluten and autoimmune diseases
Gluten can be problematic for people with hypothyroidism, especially if it is caused by an autoimmune disease, such as Hashimoto's disease. Gluten can trigger inflammatory processes that impair thyroid function. This can lead to increased antibodies in the blood, complicating condition management. It is important to understand that even small doses of gluten can trigger a reaction in sensitive individuals.
Gluten-free diet
Switching to a gluten-free diet can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. It is worth avoiding foods containing wheat, rye, and barley, replacing them with gluten-free alternatives such as rice, corn, and buckwheat. Also, pay attention to gluten-free products that may be enriched with vitamins and minerals necessary for maintaining health. This may include gluten-free bread, pasta, and other products.
Risks of hidden gluten
Be cautious with ready-made products that may contain hidden gluten. Always check labels and choose products marked 'gluten-free'. This will help avoid accidental gluten consumption and reduce the risk of symptom exacerbation. Also, consider the possibility of cross-contamination in restaurants or when cooking at home.
Cruciferous Vegetables
Goitrogenic Substances
Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, contain goitrogenic substances that may interfere with thyroid hormone production. This can be problematic for people with hypothyroidism. Goitrogens can block iodine absorption, which is critically important for thyroid hormone production. It's important to know that goitrogenic substances can be broken down by cooking.
Cooking Vegetables
To reduce the impact of goitrogenic substances, it is recommended to steam or boil vegetables. This will help lower the levels of these substances and reduce their impact on the thyroid gland. Additionally, try not to consume large portions of these vegetables raw. When preparing vegetables, combine them with other iodine-rich foods to compensate for potential deficiency.
Other Vegetables
Instead of cruciferous vegetables, choose other vegetables such as carrots, sweet peppers, or spinach, which do not contain goitrogenic substances and are beneficial for health. These vegetables are rich in vitamins and antioxidants that support overall body health. Including a variety of vegetables in your diet will help provide the body with necessary nutrients.
Fatty Foods
Impact on Metabolism
Fatty foods, especially saturated fats, can slow down metabolism, which is a concern for people with hypothyroidism. As research shows (Zhang et al., American Journal of Physiology, 2019), a high fat content can lower thyroglobulin levels, affecting thyroid function. Saturated fats can also contribute to obesity, which is an additional risk factor for hypothyroidism.
Replacing Fatty Foods
Instead of saturated fats, choose healthy fats such as olive oil, avocado, and nuts. These foods support a healthy metabolism and do not impair thyroid function. It is also advisable to limit the consumption of fast food and products containing trans fats. Instead, consume foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which support heart health and overall metabolism.
Meal Planning
Plan your meals to include more foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which support heart health and overall metabolism. This may include fish such as salmon or mackerel, as well as flaxseed oil and chia seeds. Including these foods in your diet will help maintain healthy hormone levels and overall body health.
Alcohol
Impact on hormones
Alcohol can affect hormone levels and thyroid function. It can lower thyroid hormone levels, worsening hypothyroidism symptoms. This occurs due to alcohol's effect on the liver, which plays a crucial role in hormone metabolism. Alcohol can also affect blood sugar levels, complicating weight management.
Limiting Alcohol
It is recommended to limit alcohol consumption or abstain from it entirely to support thyroid health. This will help reduce the risk of worsening symptoms and support overall health. If you choose to consume alcohol, do so in moderation. It is also important to consider that alcohol can interact with medications you take for hypothyroidism treatment.
Alternatives to Alcohol
Instead of alcoholic beverages, choose natural juices, herbal teas, or lemon water, which do not have a negative impact on the thyroid gland. These drinks are not only safe but can also be beneficial for overall health. They help maintain hydration and provide essential vitamins and minerals.
Scientific Sources
- Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens on Hormones throughout a Human Lifespan: A Review, Nutrients, 2020
- ER stress contributes to high-fat diet-induced decrease of thyroglobulin and hypothyroidism, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2019
Read Also
- Diet for hypothyroidism: the importance of iodine and selenium
- Weekly menu for hypothyroidism: focus on iodine and selenium
Ensuring proper nutrition can significantly impact health in hypothyroidism. By avoiding foods that may worsen symptoms, you help your body function better. If you have questions or want to receive a personalised nutrition program, book a consultation to a dietitian.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are soy products harmful in hypothyroidism?
Soy products contain phytoestrogens, which can reduce thyroid activity, posing a problem for people with hypothyroidism.
How does excess iodine affect hypothyroidism?
Excess iodine can worsen hypothyroidism symptoms by causing a decrease in thyroid hormone production.
Should gluten be avoided in hypothyroidism?
Gluten can trigger inflammatory processes that impair thyroid function, especially in autoimmune diseases.
What impact do fatty foods have on hypothyroidism?
Fatty foods can slow down metabolism and lower thyroglobulin levels, negatively affecting the thyroid gland.
Article Author: Olga Bezugla — PhD in Medicine, clinical dietitian, and expert in metabolic health and clinical nutrition. Postdoctoral fellowship — DIfE (Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung), Potsdam, Germany. More About the Doctor