Causes and symptoms of lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a common problem faced by many people worldwide. This condition occurs when the body cannot properly digest lactose, a natural sugar found in milk and dairy products. In this article, we will discuss the main causes and symptoms of lactose intolerance and provide helpful tips for those with this condition.
Causes of lactose intolerance
Lactose consists of two simple sugars, glucose and galactose. To digest it, the enzyme lactase, produced in the small intestine, is required. When there is insufficient lactase in the body, lactose cannot be properly broken down and absorbed. This leads to various symptoms of lactose intolerance.
The main causes of lactose intolerance include:
- Primary lactose intolerance: This is the most common type, occurring due to a decrease in lactase production with age. Many people begin to experience symptoms of lactose intolerance in adolescence or adulthood.
- Secondary lactose intolerance: This type occurs due to damage to the small intestine, which can be caused by various diseases such as coeliac disease, intestinal infections, or inflammatory bowel diseases.
- Congenital lactose intolerance: This is a rare genetic condition where newborns cannot produce lactase from birth.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance
The symptoms of lactose intolerance can vary from mild to severe, depending on the level of lactase deficiency and the amount of lactose consumed. They usually appear within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming dairy products. The main symptoms include:
- Bloating: After consuming lactose-containing products, a feeling of bloating and discomfort in the abdomen may occur.
- Abdominal pain and cramps: Pain and cramps in the abdomen are typical symptoms that can be very unpleasant.
- Diarrhoea: Undigested lactose can cause watery diarrhoea, as it draws water into the intestine.
- Gas production: Undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine, leading to the production of gases such as hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide.
- Nausea: Some people may experience nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, after consuming lactose.
Tips for those with lactose intolerance
For people with lactose intolerance, it is important to find ways to manage their symptoms and ensure their body gets the necessary nutrients. Here are some tips:
- Choose lactose-free or low-lactose products: Today, there are many alternative products available, such as lactose-free milk, yoghurts, and cheeses.
- Consume probiotics: Probiotics can help improve gut health and reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance.
- Take lactase supplements: These supplements can help digest lactose and avoid unpleasant symptoms.
- Consult a dietitian: A comprehensive nutrition plan developed by a professional dietitian, such as Olga Bezugla, can help balance the diet and avoid health problems. More information can be found via this link.
Lactose intolerance can be a challenge, but with the right approach and specialist support, you can live a full and healthy life.